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Automatische Übersetzung:
Haratin have been the slave strata of the Moroccan society through its recorded history. They were owned in every town and farming centers before the time of Moroccan ruler Ismail Ibn Sharif. They provided domestic labor, farm labor, physical labor inside towns and markets, as well as were conscripted to fight wars. The Haratin strata, as slave workers, were a major institution of Moroccan society through the 19th century. The Haratin are a class of workers, or a caste that emerged from a legacy of slavery in Africa under the Arabs, the Berbers and the Moors. They adopted Islam under the Moors and were forcibly recruited into the Moroccan army by Ismail Ibn Sharif to consolidate power. In 1879-80 Oskar Lenz led the first trans-Sahara expedition from Morocco to Senegal and became the fourth European to visit the fabled city of Timbuktu. The others being, Alexander Gordon Laing (1826), René Caillié (1828) and Heinrich Barth (1853). Timbuktu; Travel through Morocco, the Sahara and Sudan by Oskar Lenz, 1884.