Caption:
Portrait of Arctic explorer John Ross. Sir John Ross (1777-1856) was a Scottish rear admiral and the leader of two important Arctic expeditions. In 1818, he explored the western coast of Greenland and the coast of Baffin Island in an attempt to navigate the Northwest Passage. From 1829 to 1833, his ship was locked in ice for four winters, and it was during this time that his nephew, James Clark Ross, who accompanied him on all his explorations, became, on 1 June, 1831, the first European to reach the North Magnetic Pole.