Smallpox. Scarring rashes caused by Smallpox (or variola) on the bodies of two young Bangladeshi children in the Bihari relief camp. This is an acute, infectious viral disease transmitted by direct contact; fever symptoms commence 8-18 days after exposure. After 3 days, red spots appear on the face and body. These develop into pea-size pustules (pus-filled); scabs formed by drying out of the pustules leave permanent scars. Most patients recover, but nephritis & pneumonia occur as complications. In 1980, the World Health Organisation declared smallpox an extinct disease after a worldwide vaccination campaign. This photograph was taken in 1973.